The Political Economy Critique of the Gig Economy: Algorithmic Exploitation and Labor Alienation

Abstract

the paper bases on the gig economy, transcending a simplistic narrative of technological progress. While its formal independence masks intensified control mechanisms, the ostensibly technology-enabled system operates under algorithmic domination. This study employs Marxist political economy theories—particularly the labor theory of value and alienated labor theory—to critically analyze the gig economy. Research reveals how platform capital systematically employs algorithmic technologies to achieve more efficient labor control and covert exploitation. Algorithms not only function as "digital overseers" extracting both absolute and relative surplus value with precision, but also lead to comprehensive alienation of workers in terms of labor products, processes, essential nature, and interpersonal relationships. The "freedom" facade of the gig economy is essentially an ideological construct where capital conceals exploitation and evades accountability through technological means. To address these challenges, potential solutions must be explored through algorithmic transparency, rights protection, and ownership of means of production.